![]() In this study the validation process presented good confirmation of a priori reference sites selection, showing that the proposed criteria could be considered as appropriate tools for characterization of the existent disturbance gradient in the Karun River Basin. Results in different seasons showed that all the least disturbed sites (n = 14) were significantly different from moderate and most disturbed sites (p < 0.01). Temperature gradient well means a well authorized under a geothermal exploration permit drilled in order to obtain information on the change in temperature. The metric Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera (EPT) taxa was used for validation of the classification. Of the 54 sites, 14, 26 and 14 sites were classified as least, moderate and most disturbed sites, respectively. Principal components analysis (PCA) of 17 variables identified five variables that were influential across all seasons: conductivity, total habitat score, stream morphology, clay & silt, and sand. ![]() For this purpose, at each site, physical structure and physico-chemical data were collected once in each season for a total of 4 samples during the period (October 2018 - September 2019). The word comes ultimately from the Latin gradus 'step,' and a gradient gives you a measure of the 'steps' by which something changes. Herein, we describe an approach using water chemistry, physical structure and land use for identification of a disturbance gradient existing in the Karun River Basin. In physics, when you say gradient, you're talking about how quickly something changes from one point to another. A physical, chemical and biological characterization of river systems is needed to evaluate their ecological quality and support restoration programs.
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